Curly top virus can be found in over 44 plant families such as garden tomatoes, beets, beans, spinach, cucurbits, potatoes and peppers. Sugar beets are the most commonly infected hosts, and the disease is often referred to as Beet Curly Top Virus (BCTV). The disease is transmitted via the tiny sugar beet leafhopper and is most prevalent when temperatures are warm and populations of leafhoppers are greatest.Read more at Gardening Know How: Tomato Curly Top Virus: Tips For Treating Curly Top 

Preferred Scientific Name Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) Preferred Common Name beet armyworm Other Scientific Names Caradrina exigua Hübner Laphygma exigua Hübner Laphygma flavimaculata Noctua exigua Hübner Spodoptera flavimaculata (Harvey) Susunai exigua (Hübner) Introduction Lesser armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Doubleday) is a medium sized noctuid moth that oviposits in clusters on foliage. The larvae feed mostly externally on foliage and fruit of a wide range of plants before pupating on or in the soil. Multiple generations occur annually in warm areas. Brown and Dewhurst (1975) list other common names including beet armyworm.

Introduction to Cyst Nematodes The cyst nematodes are a major group of plant-parasitic nematodes and are of great economic importance in many countries throughout the world. They cause yield losses to many important crops, including cereals, rice, potatoes and soybean, with the most economically important species occurring within the genera Heterodera and Globodera. Heterodera contains by far the largest number of species, although several other cyst nematode species have been described within other genera. Cyst nematodes were originally considered to be largely a pest of temperate regions but many species occur in tropical and subtropical regions.